Food Allergy
Food allergies affect people of all backgrounds, but research shows Black children are more likely to have food allergies than white children, yet are less likely to receive a formal diagnosis or carry an epinephrine auto-injector. Black families also face higher rates of food insecurity, which can make avoiding trigger foods and accessing allergen-free options more difficult. Disparities in access to allergists and specialty care can lead to delayed diagnosis and poorer management of food allergies in the Black community.
A food allergy is an immune system reaction that happens soon after eating a certain food. Even a tiny amount of the trigger food can cause symptoms such as hives, swelling, digestive problems, or a life-threatening reaction called anaphylaxis. Food allergies are different from food intolerances, which do not involve the immune system. The most common trigger foods include peanuts, tree nuts, milk, eggs, soy, wheat, fish, and shellfish. There is no cure for food allergies, so management involves avoiding the trigger and being prepared to treat accidental exposure.
- Hives or red, itchy skin
- Swelling of the lips, face, tongue, throat, or other parts of the body
- Wheezing, nasal congestion, or trouble breathing
- Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Tingling or itching in the mouth
- Fainting or loss of consciousness
- Rapid heartbeat
- Anaphylaxis — a severe, life-threatening reaction that can include throat tightening, shock, and difficulty breathing
- Eczema flare-ups after eating certain foods
- Family history of food allergies or other allergic conditions
- Having other allergies, such as eczema or asthma
- Age — food allergies are more common in children
- History of severe allergic reactions
- Certain foods, including peanuts, tree nuts, milk, eggs, soy, wheat, fish, and shellfish
- Having a prior mild reaction that may become more severe with later exposure
- Living in urban areas, which may increase allergy risk
- Vitamin D deficiency
- Delayed introduction of allergenic foods in infancy
- Family history of asthma or hay fever
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Medical Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.